Feeding Your Tortoise Before Hibernation: What Every Keeper Should Know

Hibernation is a natural process for many tortoise species, particularly those from temperate regions such as the Mediterranean. In the wild, Hermann’s, Greek, and Marginated tortoises slow down during the colder months when food becomes low.

For keepers, the subject of hibernation can be a divisive one. Some believe it is essential to mimic nature, while others choose not to hibernate their tortoise at all. Both approaches can be valid, depending on the species, individual health, and the keeper’s confidence. But whatever your view, feeding and diet play a vital role in hibernation preparation—and that’s something every tortoise owner should understand.

Do All Tortoises Hibernate?

Not all tortoise species are adapted to hibernate. Tropical and desert species often remain active all year round. Even among Mediterranean species, some owners prefer to avoid hibernation if their tortoise is young, unwell, or underweight.

This is why knowing the species you keep—and its natural seasonal cycle—is the starting point before making any decision about hibernation.

Why Feeding Matters Before Hibernation

A tortoise must enter hibernation with a clear digestive system. Any undigested food left in the gut can ferment during dormancy, potentially leading to illness or even death.

To avoid this, keepers typically stop feeding two to four weeks before hibernation (the exact period depends on age, weight, and health). During this fasting period, tortoises should still have regular access to fresh water. Hydration is essential because it:

• Helps flush out the digestive system

• Supports kidney function

• Prevents dehydration during the rest period

So, while food is reduced, water becomes even more important. Many keepers also provide short, shallow baths to encourage hydration and waste elimination.

Preparing Through the Seasons

Feeding for hibernation doesn’t just begin in the weeks before fasting. The diet throughout the year matters too. A tortoise fed on a natural, high-fibre, calcium-rich diet (such as weeds, leafy greens, and wild plants) will be in better condition to face hibernation than one given too much fruit, protein, or commercial pellets.

Good year-round nutrition helps maintain a healthy body weight and shell growth, setting the tortoise up for a safe wind-down.